{"id":16789,"date":"2020-06-24T13:40:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T11:40:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/?page_id=16789"},"modified":"2020-08-19T15:13:29","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T13:13:29","slug":"management","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/nature\/science-and-research\/management\/","title":{"rendered":"Management"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16789\" class=\"elementor elementor-16789 elementor-2203\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51cd22ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51cd22ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f2eb316\" data-id=\"5f2eb316\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c84e elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"c0c84e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c0c84e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Medvedice\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQxMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5ucHN1bWF2YS5jelwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAxOVwvMDhcL21lZHZlZGljZS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjMGM4NGUifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/medvedice.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/medvedice-odk11vce9r2sa8uzegj86lkr2kg8c04m81jkcew6du.jpg\" alt=\"Medvedice\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c0c84e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"prales\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQxMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5ucHN1bWF2YS5jelwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAxOVwvMDhcL3ByYWxlcy5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjMGM4NGUifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/prales.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/prales-odk11vce9r2sa8uzegj86lkr2kg8c04m81jkcew6du.jpg\" alt=\"prales\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c0c84e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bucina\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5ucHN1bWF2YS5jelwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAxOVwvMDhcL2J1Y2luYS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjMGM4NGUifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bucina.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/bucina-odk11wa8gl42lutm8yxur3c7nybljp8ck671tous7m.jpg\" alt=\"Bucina\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Previous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4c38b2\" data-id=\"c4c38b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da90e10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da90e10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Management of the \u0160umava NP Territory<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-914bd36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"914bd36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\"><p>Management can generally be divided into two approaches:<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06fee10 elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"06fee10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The first approach is allowing part of the territory to develop spontaneously where nature follows its own course;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The second approach is applying temporary targeted management in places significantly altered by human activities in the past.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62af62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c62af62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>At present, the territory allowed to develop spontaneously occupies approximately 23% of the NP area, <strong>but in the long term, the \u0160umava NP intends to allow the greater part of its territory to develop spontaneously and prioritise natural processes<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4aa2bb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4aa2bb8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3ab636\" data-id=\"d3ab636\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df8ff3a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"df8ff3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2341\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">Forest Management<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2342\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">Management of Treeless Areas<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2343\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">Water Ecosystems<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Forest Management<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2341\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p>Forests constitute the best part of the \u0160umava National Park\u2019s area and forest management plays a significant part in the comprehensive management of the National Park.<\/p><p>Overall, the forest ecosystems of our largest national park are divided into two parts: areas allowed to develop spontaneously, and areas with targeted forest management.<\/p><p>Areas allowed to develop spontaneously take up approximately 15,000 hectares and serve for spontaneous development of natural forces. This means that no human intervention concerning tree harvesting or planting takes place in these forests.<\/p><p>This type of forest management is primarily typical of the territory that borders the Bavarian Forest National Park, with vast complexes of alpine, waterlogged, and peaty spruce forests. Altogether, they comprise the largest forest area allowed to develop spontaneously in all of Central Europe.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Management of Treeless Areas<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2342\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>Non-forest ecotopes represent the crucial part of the \u0160umava landscape in terms of species richness as more than three quarters of the \u0160umava plants are dependent on meadows and peat bogs.<\/p><p>The appearance of treeless areas underwent several significant changes during the last ten thousand years, i.e. in the interglacial period.<\/p><p>Open landscape in the cold periods gave way to forest vegetation, the development of which was supported by climate warming and humidification.<\/p><p>But the development of the human agricultural civilisation had a very significant influence on this natural process. Through their activity, humans preserved or recreated non-forest ecotopes.<\/p><p>\u0160umava\u2019s case illustrates quite vividly how this process positively affected species richness in the local landscape, because, for instance, grassland vegetation of residential enclaves is home to approximately two thirds of plant species in high \u0160umava.<\/p><p>Meadow enclaves have provided ecotopes to typically alpine species of primary treeless areas, species dependent on light types of alpine forests, but also to species originally occurring at lower elevations and plants introduced by humans and their farming (furrow and pastoral weeds, ruderal plants).<\/p><p>Nature protection in \u0160umava is facing a great challenge. It is necessary to create a gradual recovery programme closely tied to local communities, if possible. It is necessary to address overgrowth of valuable locations by self-seeded trees and bushes, restore regular hay harvesting, and efficiently organise grazing at selected, most valuable locations.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Water Ecosystems<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2343\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>\u0160umava abounds in small water bodies, spring areas, peat bogs, spring rivulets and unnamed streams that feed larger water courses, creating a hydrological network that has up to now largely remained in near-natural condition.<\/p><p>In connection with the colonisation of \u0160umava, water courses were used for various reasons, especially as driving power for hammer mills, timber mills, and flour mills. This usually required blocking the water course and constructing mill races to these establishments.<\/p><p>Relatively significant intervention in the hydrology of \u0160umava was the construction of a shipping canal system including reservoirs and modification of the water courses for these purposes.<\/p><p>Quite a large number of these modifications perished or at least lost their purpose after World War II, after the expulsion of Germans, and during the military zone period.<\/p><p>Recent history \u2013 i.e. development after the collapse of the Iron Curtain \u2013 has been associated with the existence of the \u0160umava NP and stricter nature conservation.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2af633 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2af633\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77e80ec\" data-id=\"77e80ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75ae169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"75ae169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed Dal\u0161\u00ed Management of the \u0160umava NP Territory Management can generally be divided into two approaches: The first approach is allowing part of the territory to develop spontaneously where nature follows its own course; The second approach is applying temporary targeted management in places significantly altered by human activities in the past. At present, the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24838,"parent":16776,"menu_order":384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16789"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16789"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16789\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npsumava.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}